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Measuring the Commercial Potential of Science
Masclans, Roger; Hasan, Sharique; Cohen, Wesley M. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
This paper uses a large language model to develop an ex-ante measure of the commercial potential of scientific findings. In addition to validating the measure against the typical holdout sample, we validate it externally against 1.) the progression of scientific findings through a major...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014512116
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Do Funding Agencies Select and Enable Risky Research : Evidence from ERC Using Novelty as a Proxy of Risk Taking
Veugelers, Reinhilde; Wang, Jian; Stephan, Paula E. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Concern exists that public funding of science is increasingly risk averse. Funders have addressed this concern by soliciting the submission of high-risk research to either regular or specially designed programs. Little evidence, however, has been gathered to examine the extent to which such...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013361975
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Gender and Underrepresented Minority Differences in Research Funding
Cruz Castro, Laura; Ginther, Donna K.; Sanz Menéndez, Luis - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334326
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The Government Patent Register : A New Resource for Measuring U.S. Government-Funded Patenting
Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
century. In addition to the funding agency, the data report whether the government has title to the patent ("title" patents …) or funded a patent assigned to a private organization ("license" patents). The data include a large number of "license …" patents that cannot be linked to government funding from patent text or other sources. Combining the historical data with …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014486228
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Patents in the University : Priming the Pump and Crowding Out
Scotchmer, Suzanne - 2013
The Bayh-Dole Act allows universities to exploit patents on their federally sponsored research. University laboratories therefore have two sources of funds: direct grants from sponsors and income from licensing. Tax credits for private R&D also contribute, because they increase the profitability...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012459409
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Uncertainty and Individual Discretion in Allocating Research Funds
Goldstein, Anna P.; Kearney, Michael - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
There is a long-standing tradition in public research funding agencies of distributing funds via peer review, which aggregates evaluations of proposed research ideas from a group of external experts. Despite complaints that this process is biased against novel ideas, there is poor understanding...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014468233
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NIH Grant Expansion, Ancestral Diversity and Scientific Discovery in Genomics Research
Fu, Wei; Chou, Shin-yi; Wang, Li-San - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
In the approaching era of genomic medicine, the underrepresentation of minority populations in human genetics and genomics research has raised growing concerns regarding the distributive justice in the translation of biomedical innovations into human health across populations. Quantitative...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334374
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The Geographic Reach of Market and Non-Market Channels of Technology Transfer : Comparing Citations and Licenses of University Patents
Mowery, David C. - 2001
flows from university inventions through two important channels: non-market 'spillovers' exemplified by patent citations and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012470150
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Inventor Moral Hazard in University Licensing : The Role of Contracts
Dechenaux, Emmanuel - 2008
We examine commonly observed forms of payment, such as milestones, royalties, or consulting contracts as ways of engaging inventors in the development of licensed inventions. Our theoretical model shows that when milestones are feasible, royalties are not optimal unless the licensing firm is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012464422
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The Impact of University Patent Ownership on Innovation and Commercialization
Wang, Jun; Qian, Yi - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
universities. The two reforms have adopted different models in the allocation of university patent ownership. The former completely … allocated the patent ownership to universities, while the latter allocated 70% of the patent ownership to the inventors. Based … on Chinese patent data and university statistical data, we empirically test the effects of these two university-patent …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014247942