What is the role of startups within the innovation ecosystem? Since 2000, startups have grown in their share of … ventures in the innovation process relative to more traditional alternatives such as academia and established private … generate predictions related to the value and impact of startup innovation. We then explore these predictions using patents …

We analyze how expropriation risk reduces incentives for innovation and reallocates resources from the innovative … risk, such as corruption, negatively impacts innovation by reducing R&D expenditure, human capital in R&D, number of … highlight the detrimental effects of expropriation risk on innovation and economic development at the country level …

innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

Rewarding inventors with inefficient monopoly power has long been regarded as the price of encouraging innovation …, while simultaneously encouraging dynamic investments in innovation. As a result of this feature, the public provision of … at least $2.8 billion of annual value from extra innovation. These two components alone cover 87% of the social cost of …

lead to the innovation sought, others result in dead ends. Because firms benefit from their competitors working in the …