trillion to date. While vaccines were developed and deployed with unprecedented speed, pre-pandemic investments could have … and intensity of pandemics with estimates of mortality, economic-output, and human-capital losses from pandemics of … varying severities, we calculate expected global losses from pandemics of over $800 billion annually. According to our model …

promote productivity undercut by efforts to maintain or expand employment in less productive enterprises? In this paper, we …-post productivity growth throughout our data window, 2007 to 2018. Neither subsidies given out under the name of R&D and innovation … positive impact of subsidy on current year employment, both for the aggregated and employment-related subsidies. These findings …

combine the information contained in high-frequency public data sources--including monthly household and employment surveys …, quarterly censuses of employment and wages, and monthly and quarterly national accounts statistics--in a unified framework. This …

China's industrial policies ("Five-Year Plans") displace U.S. production/employment and heighten plant closures in the …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

consumption stimulus packages. The extension allows us to account for two novel features of the coronavirus crisis. First, during …