), academic commercialization (patenting, licensing, and start-ups) and traditional academic scholarship. It exploits large … faculty) and important than is academic commercialization (at 19% of faculty). Academic engagement generates 15-20 times the … research funds than academic commercialization does, but both continue to be dwarfed by public funding. We find evidence of …

commercialization; entrepreneurship or licenses to established firms, as well as on probabilities of successful commercialization. We … advantage over faculty startups, and that on average the probability of successful commercialization is somewhat higher in the …

are important explorations made by China in recent years to promote innovations and the commercialization of patents in … universities. The two reforms have adopted different models in the allocation of university patent ownership. The former completely … allocated the patent ownership to universities, while the latter allocated 70% of the patent ownership to the inventors. Based …

envisioned by neither proponents nor critics. I use the development and commercialization of the scanning tunneling microscope …

. This paper evaluates whether the source of funding - federal or private industry - is relevant for commercialization of … research outputs. We link person-level grant data from 22 universities to patent and career outcomes (including IRS W-2 records …

-ups when the technology transfer officers (TTOs) search cost is high, the cost of development or commercialization is lower for …