The widely held view that China has greatly reduced income poverty over the last 40 years does not accord with all the … evidence. The paper tries to reconcile the conflicting findings. The fact that strongly-relative measures show rising poverty … is easily understood, since such measures depend solely on relative distribution, and inequality in China has been rising …

sides. The paper estimates how much of China's poverty rate around 1980--near the outset of Deng Xiaoping's pro … China's poverty in 1980 is attributed to the impact of the Maoist path since 1950. Further checks and tests suggest that (if … anything) this is likely to be an underestimate. It took 10-20 years for China's post-reform economy to make up the lost ground …

infrastructure and institutions. Providing clean water and removing refuse requires water and sewer pipes, but the urban poor are … by a penalty-based system. We present a model that illustrates the complementarity between infrastructure and …

While much economic policy presumes that more information infrastructure yields higher economic returns, little … optic cable, ISDN lines and signal seven software, infrastructure which plays an essential role in bringing digital … technology to local telephone networks. We estimate the elasticity of the derived demand for infrastructure investment faced by …

Is public sector infrastructure a key determinant of productivity? Traditional, project-based analyses of benefits and … costs typically do not find large rates of return. Proponents of infrastructure spending instead point to regression …-based analyses of the links between private productivity and public infrastructure that imply large productivity effects from public …

defined. A variant of endogenous growth theory focuses on investments in public infrastructure as a key determinant of …

Transit infrastructure is a critical asset for economic activity yet costly to build in dense urban environments. We … plausible mechanism for the price gains. Higher prices reflect both higher rents and lower risk. Infrastructure improvements …

the notion that benefits from infrastructure investments accrue in particular to peripheral regions, which gain access to …

Infrastructure provides critical support for economic activity, and assessing its role requires reliable measures. This … paper provides an overview of U.S. infrastructure data in the National Economic Accounts. After developing definitions of … basic, social, and digital infrastructure, we assess trends in each of these categories and their components. Results are …