Technology has changed how discrimination manifests itself in financial services. Replacing human discretion with … algorithms in decision-making roles reduces taste-based discrimination, and new modeling techniques have expanded access to … human involvement in the development process, and their opacity and complexity can facilitate statistical discrimination …

measure discrimination by comparing how responsive individuals ("audited units") are to correspondences from different types …. We argue that when researchers use audit correspondence studies to measure discrimination against individuals that … attenuated (downwardly biased) estimates of discrimination …

Economics tends to define and measure discrimination as disparities stemming from the direct (causal) effects of … systemic (i.e. indirect) channels. For example, racial disparities in criminal records due to discrimination in policing can … for modeling and measuring both direct and systemic forms of discrimination. We define systemic discrimination as emerging …

This paper reviews some recent empirical analyses of the impact of affirmative action and anti-discrimination law on … seems more compatible with an earnings redistribution rather than an anti-discrimination program. 4)While many of the …

This paper seeks to disentangle the impactof residential segregation from that of employment discrimination in …