Digital platforms like Uber can enhance market transparency and mitigate moral hazard via ratings of buyers and sellers …

We characterize the price-transparency role of benchmarks in over-the-counter markets. A benchmark can, under … dealers and customers, and reducing search costs. Although the market transparency promoted by benchmarks reduces dealers …

retirement system in Finland, featuring a relabeling of retirement ages with modest and continuous changes in financial …

During the period 1991-93, Finland experienced the deepest economic downturn in an industrialized country since the … of Soviet-Finnish trade can explain key features of Finland's Great Depression. We also show that Finland's Great … similar trade collapse. However, as a western democracy with developed capital markets and institutions, Finland faced none of …

occurred in Finland in the early 1990s. We find that the sharp drop in real GDP over the period 1990-93 was driven by a … increases in government consumption during 1989-94, which drove down hours worked in Finland. We attempt to endogenize the drop …