: experience, age, vintage and calendar year. The first section of the paper provides a brief outline of a theory of planned growth …

import competition and the introduction of industrial robots. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in exposure across US … manufacturing sector, only robots led to a sizable decline in population size. We provide evidence that negative employment … spillovers outside manufacturing, caused by robots but not by Chinese imports, can explain the different migration responses. We …

Technological change, from the advent of robots to expanded trade opportunities, tends to create winners and losers …. How should government policy respond? And how should the overall welfare impact of technological change on society be … valued? We provide a general theory of optimal technology regulation in a second best world, with rich heterogeneity across …

, to more intensive use and development of robots. Using US data, we document that robots substitute for middle … older to middle-aged workers--is associated with greater adoption of robots and other automation technologies across … from country-industry variation in the adoption of robots. Our model also implies that the productivity implications of …

We estimate the effects of robot adoption on firm-level and worker-level outcomes in the Netherlands using a large … value added and hours worked for robot-adopting firms and negative outcomes on competitors in the same industry. Our worker … earnings and employment rates, while other workers indirectly gain from robot adoption. We also find that the negative effects …