We examine the role of consumption externalities in the demand for pharmaceuticals at both the brand level and over a … equations describing the dynamic adjustment process. We find that consumption externalities influence both valuations and rates …

Traditional economic analysis has proposed well known remedies to deal with consumption externalities and inefficient … of R&D and consumption externalities is central to health care industries around the world generally, and for the … problems in isolation are inefficient -- Pigouvian corrections to consumption externalities are inefficient under technological …

externalities', an increase in the size of the market brings forth additional products valued by others with similar tastes. But who … benefits whom? We examine the patterns of and mechanisms for preference externalities between black and white and between … preference externalities are large and positive within groups, they are small and possibly negative across groups. For example …

possibility of trade in spot markets creates externalities, as spot prices and the bindingness of collateral constraints interact …. We propose a market based solution which overcomes the externalities problem and obviates the needs for any government …

commit to contracts, virus externalities are local, and competitive equilibria are efficient. The Second Welfare Theorem also … their infection status. If society cannot control virus exposure, then virus externalities are global and competitive … externalities and result in inefficiently high economic activity. If agents cannot commit, competitive equilibria are inefficient …