Adequate wages are an important tool to shield public officials from special interests and corruption. But what is the … significantly more likely to prevent corruption in public procurement, a key area of illicit interactions between the state and … limit corruption, but also foster the use of violence as an alternative tool to influence policymaking …

effects of corruption vary across different contexts be developed …

for private gain. We study the relationship between discretion and corruption in Italian government procurement auctions …, using a confidential database of firms and procurement officials investigated for corruption by Italian enforcement … associated with corruption only when conducted with fewer than the formally required number of bidders or employing discretionary …

We examine the correlation between gender and bureaucratic corruption using two distinct datasets, one from Italy and a … second from China. In each case, we find that women are far less likely to be investigated for corruption than men. In our … Italian data, female procurement officials are 34 percent less likely than men to be investigated for corruption by …

We conduct parallel surveys of legislators and citizens in three countries to study their tolerance for corruption. In … Italy, Colombia, and Pakistan legislators and citizens respond similarly to hypothetical scenarios involving trade …-offs between, for example, probity and efficiency: both perceive corruption as undesirable but prevalent. These novel descriptive …

Political corruption is considered a major impediment to economic development, and yet it remains pervasive throughout … the world. This paper examines the extent to which government audits of public resources can reduce corruption by … enhancing political and judiciary accountability. We do so in the context of Brazil's anti-corruption program, which randomly …

Consistent with reduced expected corruption adding value overall, Chinese shares rise sharply on the December 4th 2012 … launch of major anti-corruption reforms, which started by curtailing extravagant spending by or for Party cadres. SOEs gain … investors expecting reduced corruption to complement and perhaps intensify the development of market institutions …