The human capital explanation of sex differences in wages is that women intend to work in the labor market more … "feedback" hypothesis consistent with the same facts is that women experience labor market discrimination and respond with …. Working women who report experiencing discrimination are significantly more likely subsequently to change employers, and to …

This chapter focuses on women, work, and family, with a particular focus on differences by educational attainment … production, including time with children. In looking at family, we focus on mothers with children. Next we examine key challenges …. First, we review long-term trends regarding family structure, participation in the labor market, and time spent in household …

employment on family well-being, measured by maternal mental and overall health, parenting stress, and parenting quality. First … dynamic panel data models to examine the effects of maternal employment on family outcomes during the first 4.5 years of … children's lives. Among mothers of six month old infants, maternal work hours are positively associated with depressive …

Women earn less than men, and that is especially true of mothers relative to fathers. Much of the widening occurs after … family formation when mothers reduce their hours of work. But what happens when the kids grow up? To answer that question, we … together these three produce the "parental gender gap," defined as the difference in income between mothers and fathers. We …

more likely to say that women working hurts family life), suggesting that motherhood serves as an information shock to …, despite the fact that women have increased their investment in human capital over this period. We propose a hypothesis to … reconcile these two trends: that when they are making key human capital decisions, women in modern cohorts underestimate the …

in several ways. First, we provide a brief history of family leave legislation in Europe and North America and summarize … mandated family leave policies. This paper increases our understanding of the nature and effects of parental leave entitlements … recent trends in the regulations. The data indicate that family leave durations grew rapidly during the decade of the 1970s …

non-family-friendly work environments "push" women out of the labor force at motherhood … relationship between work environment and the labor force participation of mothers. We first document a large variation in labor … women who complete different graduate degrees, we use the rich information available in each dataset, and the longitudinal …

thus associated with retiming of births, changes in the characteristics of potential mothers, changes in which women become … mothers, and by reductions in completed family size. Finally, while the pill affected maternal characteristics differently …In this paper we ask how the diffusion of oral contraception to young unmarried women affected the number and maternal …

earnings of mothers and employment of grandmothers. Studying a universal childcare program in Quebec, we find formal childcare … increases the employment rates of mothers, as well as that of grandmothers to a lesser extent. Examining heterogeneity of the … program's impact across Census Divisions, we find a negative correlation between the positive effects on mothers' employment …