determinant of shipping costs. Improving port efficiency from the 25th to the 75th percentile reduces shipping costs by 12 percent … explain variations in port efficiency and find that they are linked to excessive regulation, the prevalence of organized crime …

theory to capture port technology, with tools from demand estimation. We use our framework, together with a collection of … unveils three policy-relevant messages: (i) investing in port infrastructure can lead to substantial trade and welfare gains …) there are sizable spillovers across ports, as investing in one port can decongest a wider set of ports, suggesting that …

This study analyzes the impact of major industrial relations variables on productivity within a plant that assembles …, slowdowns, and tough union leaders influenced the productivity of this plant by both large percentages and absolute dollar … productivity impacts of movements from traditional adversarial management, which is the norm in this industry, to total quality …