Bergman, Peter; Kopko, Elizabeth; Rodríguez, Julio - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Tracking is widespread in U.S. education. In post-secondary education alone, at least 71% of colleges use a test to … track students. However, there are concerns that the most frequently used college placement exams lack validity and … reliability, and unnecessarily place students from under-represented groups into remedial courses. While recent research has shown …