Women enter retirement having spent fewer years in market work, earned less over their lifetimes, and worked in … many women end up with lower levels of retirement income in old age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which … largely between nonmarried men and women. Multivariate models show that 85 percent of this retirement income gap can be …

Although women earn approximately 50 percent of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) bachelor's degrees …, more than 70 percent of scientists and engineers are men. We explore a potential determinant of this STEM gender gap using …

Where social norms favor gender segregation, firms may find it costly to employ both men and women. If the costs of …

This paper reviews the literature on gender and culture. Gender gaps in various outcomes (competitiveness, labor force … the level of development, women's education, the expansion of the service sector, and discrimination. More recent … literature has argued that gender differences in a variety of outcomes could reflect underlying cultural values and beliefs. This …

Ichino and Moretti (2009) find that menstruation may contribute to gender gaps in absenteeism and earnings, based on …

arguably the students who are most suited to careers in science. Indeed, the gender gap in course grades and STEM majors is …Why aren't there more women in science? Female college students are currently 37 percent less likely than males to … randomly assigned to professors over a wide variety of mandatory standardized courses. We focus on the role of professor gender …

) suggested that hepatitis B could explain a large share { approximately 50% { of Asia's \missing women". Subsequent work has … ratios. To test this, we collected data on the offspring gender for a cohort of 67,000 people in China who are being observed …

Many studies have shown that women are under-represented in tenured ranks in the sciences. We evaluate whether gender … facts using the 1973-2001 Survey of Doctorate Recipients. We find that women are less likely to take tenure track positions … in science, but the gender gap is entirely explained by fertility decisions. We find that in science overall, there is no …

In contrast to less-skilled men, less-skilled women have experienced growing labor force involvement and moderate wage … increases. Compared to more-skilled women, less-skilled women have fallen behind. We investigated the reasons behind these …, from 1979-2004. We find that less-skilled women have found themselves in an 'intermediate' place in the labor market. Like …