innovation. Agents accumulate knowledge through two activities: innovation (discovering new technologies) and exploitation … (learning how to use the current technology). Exploitation requires the development of organizations to coordinate the work of … experts, which takes time. The costs and benefits of such organizations depend on the cost of communicating and acquiring …

Can frontier innovation be sustained under autocracy? We argue that innovation and autocracy can be mutually … stimulates further innovation in applications beyond those benefiting it directly. We test for such a mutually reinforcing … relationship in the context of facial recognition AI in China. To do so, we gather comprehensive data on AI firms and government …

the allocation and impacts of innovation subsidies, using the data from the China Employer Employee Survey (CEES). We find … that the innovation subsidies are preferentially allocated to state owned firms and politically connected firms. Of these … also find that the firms that receive innovation subsidies file and receive more patents, are more likely to introduce new …

Governments are important financiers of private sector innovation. While these public funds can ease capital … China, where a quarter of firms' R&D expenditures come from government subsidies. Using a difference-in-differences approach … for innovation programs strengthened the relationship between firms' historical innovative efficiency and subsequent …

This paper exploits a tax reform on manufacturing firms in China to study the impact of taxes on firm innovation. The … innovation. Moreover, the reform has a bigger impact on firms that are financially constrained and firms that engage more in tax …

Data-intensive technologies, like AI, are increasingly widespread. We argue that the direction of innovation and growth …: facial recognition AI in China. Collecting comprehensive data on firms and government procurement contracts, we find evidence … implications of government data access for the direction of innovation, growth, and welfare. We conclude with three applications …

innovation by firms, and ask if it impacted firms more than 30 years later. We examine the innovation of firms with CEOs who …

from China impact U.S. innovation through the markets for innovation and existing products. We identify shocks to …Using new measures of expanded Internet access in China and internet-based search, we examine how competitive shocks … innovation competition using the geography of Chinese internet penetration and Chinese import data. Increases in the ability of …

-specific quotas following China's entry into the World Trade Organization. Chinese import competition had two effects: first, it led … effect on innovation. We develop a simple "trapped factor" model of innovation that is consistent with these empirical …

This paper documents the major transformation of higher education that has been underway in China since 1999 and … evaluates its potential global impacts. Reflecting China's commitment to continued high growth through quality upgrading and the … China has been grown at approximately 30% per year since 1999, and the number of graduates at all levels of higher education …