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Fogel, Robert W. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2004

To American and European economists in 1945, the countries of Asia were unpromising candidates for high economic growth. In 1950 even the most prosperous of these countries had a per capita income less than 25 percent of that of the United States. Between the mid-1960s and the end of the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005019409

Secular Trends in Physiological Capital: Implications for Equity in Health Care

Fogel, Robert W. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2003

Over the past three centuries there has been a rapid accumulation of physiological capital in OECD countries. Enhanced physiological capital is tied to long-term reduction in environmental hazards and to the conquest of chronic malnutrition. Data on heights and birth weights suggests that...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005718228

Changes in the Physiology of Aging during the Twentieth Century

Fogel, Robert W. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2005

One way to demonstrate how remarkable changes in the process of aging have been is to compare health over the life cycles of 3 cohorts. For the first cohort, born between 1835 and 1845 (the Civil War cohort), life was short and disabilities were common even at young ages. Other factors...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005774858

Changes in the Process of Aging During the Twentieth Century: Findings and Procedures of the Early Indicators Project

Fogel, Robert W. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2003

The program project Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease and Death investigates how socioeconomic and environmental factors in early life can shape health and work levels in later life. Project researchers have approached this problem by creating a life-cycle sample that permits a...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005050299

Health Insurance, Labor Supply, and Job Mobility: A Critical Review of the Literature

Gruber, Jonathan; Madrian, Brigitte C. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

This paper provides a critical review of the empirical literature on the relationship between health insurance, labor supply, and job mobility. We review over 50 papers on this topic, almost exclusively written in the last 10 years. We reach five conclusions. First, there is clear and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005575587

Do Strikes Kill? Evidence from New York State

Gruber, Jonathan; Kleiner, Samuel A. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010

Concerns over the impacts of hospital strikes on patient welfare led to substantial delay in the ability of hospitals to unionize. Once allowed, hospitals unionized rapidly and now represent one of the largest union sectors of the U.S. economy. Were the original fears of harmful hospital strikes...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008614641

Do High-Cost Hospitals Deliver Better Care? Evidence from Ambulance Referral Patterns

Gruber, Jonathan; Joseph J. Doyle, Jr.; Graves, John A.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012

Endogenous patient sorting across hospitals can confound performance comparisons. This paper provides a new lens to compare hospital performance for emergency patients: plausibly exogenous variation in ambulance-company assignment. Ambulances are effectively randomly assigned to patients in the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011188528

Non-Employment and Health Insurance Coverage

Gruber, Jonathan; Madrian, Brigitte C. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1995

Low rates of health insurance coverage among the non-employed have motivated consideration of policies to subsidize the purchase of insurance for those who are without a job. But there is little evidence on the extent to which coverage differentials between the employed and the non-employed...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005777898

Spousal Labor Supply as Insurance: Does Unemployment Insurance Crowd Outthe Added Worker Effect?

Gruber, Jonathan; Cullen, Julie Berry - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1996

We consider the role of spousal labor supply as insurance against spells of unemployment. Standard theory suggests that … reason for the absence of the AWE may be that unemployment insurance (UI) is providing a state-contingent income stream that … counteracts the negative income shock from the husband's unemployment. We in fact find that increases in the generosity of UI …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778601