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Public R&D Investments and Private-sector Patenting: Evidence from NIH Funding Rules

Graff Zivin, Joshua; Azoulay, Pierre; Li, Danielle; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2015

We quantify the impact of scientific grant funding at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on patenting by pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms. Our paper makes two contributions. First, we use newly constructed bibliometric data to develop a method for flexibly linking specific grant...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011254922

Empirical Studies of Innovation in the Knowledge Driven Economy

Hall, Bronwyn H; MAIRESSE, Jacques - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006

innovation and knowledge management and their impact on performance at the firm level for a number of countries. These studies … have been conducted using data drawn from innovation surveys combined with data from a number of other sources. The issue … illustrates the value of these surveys in improving our understanding of innovation in firms and raises a number of questions for …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005050393

Superstar Extinction

Graff Zivin, Joshua; Azoulay, Pierre; Wang, Jialan - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

We estimate the magnitude of spillovers generated by 112 academic "superstars" who died pre- maturely and unexpectedly, thus providing an exogenous source of variation in the structure of their collaborators' coauthorship networks. Following the death of a superstar, we find that collaborators...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005029675

Measuring the Returns to R&D

Hall, Bronwyn H; MAIRESSE, Jacques; Mohnen, Pierre - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009

We review the econometric literature on measuring the returns to R&D. The theoretical frameworks that have been used are outlined, followed by an extensive discussion of measurement and econometric issues that arise when estimating the models. We then provide a series of tables summarizing the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008624599

Under the Thumb of History? Political Institutions and the Scope for Action

Duflo, Esther; Banerjee, Abhijit - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014

This paper discusses the two leading views of history and political institutions. For some scholars, institutions are mainly products of historical logic, while for others, accidents, leaders, and decisions have a significant impact. We argue that while there is clear evidence that history...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010951199

Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya

Duflo, Esther; Kremer, Michael; Dupas, Pascaline - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

To the extent that students benefit from high-achieving peers, tracking will help strong students and hurt weak ones. However, all students may benefit if tracking allows teachers to present material at a more appropriate level. Lower-achieving pupils are particularly likely to benefit from...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005248909

Women's Empowerment and Economic Development

Duflo, Esther - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011

Women's empowerment and economic development are closely related: in one direction, development alone can play a major role in driving down inequality between men and women; in the other direction, empowering women may benefit development. Does this imply that pushing just one of these two...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009403418

Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias?

Duflo, Esther; Pande, Rohini; Beaman, Lori A.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

We exploit random assignment of gender quotas across Indian village councils to investigate whether having a female chief councillor affects public opinion towards female leaders. Villagers who have never been required to have a female leader prefer male leaders and perceive hypothetical female...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005777665

The Medium Run Effects of Educational Expansion: Evidence from a Large School Construction Program in Indonesia

Duflo, Esther - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

This paper studies the medium run consequences of an increase in the rate of accumulation of human capital in a developing country. From 1974 to 1978, the Indonesian government built over 61,000 primary schools. The school construction program led to an increase in education among individuals...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005050070

The Experimental Approach to Development Economics

Duflo, Esther; Banerjee, Abhijit V. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

Randomized experiments have become a popular tool in development economics research, and have been the subject of a number of criticisms. This paper reviews the recent literature, and discusses the strengths and limitations of this approach in theory and in practice. We argue that the main...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005580430