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Carlino, Gerald; Kerr, William R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014

This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the … conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data …, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010885295

Local Industrial Conditions and Entrepreneurship: How Much of the Spatial Distribution Can We Explain?

Glaeser, Edward Ludwig; Kerr, William R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

Why are some places more entrepreneurial than others? We use Census Bureau data to study local determinants of manufacturing startups across cities and industries. Demographics have limited explanatory power. Overall levels of local customers and suppliers are only modestly important, but new...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005714042

Clusters of Entrepreneurship

Glaeser, Edward Ludwig; Ponzetto, Giacomo A. M.; Kerr, … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009

Employment growth is strongly predicted by smaller average establishment size, both across cities and across industries within cities, but there is little consensus on why this relationship exists. Traditional economic explanations emphasize factors that reduce entry costs or raise...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008548787

Agglomerative Forces and Cluster Shapes

Kerr, William R.; Kominers, Scott Duke - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010

We model spatial clusters of similar firms. Our model highlights how agglomerative forces lead to localized, individual connections among firms, while interaction costs generate a defined distance over which attraction forces operate. Overlapping firm interactions yield agglomeration clusters...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008777358

Entrepreneurship and Urban Growth: An Empirical Assessment with Historical Mines

Glaeser, Edward Ludwig; Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Kerr, William R. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012

Measures of entrepreneurship, such as average establishment size and the prevalence of start-ups, correlate strongly with employment growth across and within metropolitan areas, but the endogeneity of these measures bedevils interpretation. Chinitz (1961) hypothesized that coal mines near...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010821933

Pharmaceutical Innovation, Mortality Reduction, and Economic Growth

Lichtenberg, Frank - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1998

We perform an econometric investigation of the contribution of pharmaceutical innovation to mortality reduction and … pharmaceutical innovation, there would have been no increase and perhaps even a small decrease in mean age at death, and that new … drugs have increased life expectancy, and lifetime income, by about 0.75-1.0% per annum. The drug innovation measures are …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778568

The Effect of New Drugs on Mortality from Rare Diseases and HIV

Lichtenberg, Frank - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2001

I investigate the effect of large increases in the number of drugs available to treat rare diseases and HIV on mortality associated with them. Mortality from both diseases declined dramatically following increases in drug approvals. Before the Orphan Drug Act went into effect (between 1979 and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005720742

Sources of U.S. Longevity Increase, 1960-1997

Lichtenberg, Frank - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

models using annual U.S. time-series data on life expectancy, health expenditure, and medical innovation. Reliable annual … data are available for only one type of innovation - new drugs - but pharmaceutical R&D accounts for a significant fraction … innovation (in the form of new drug approvals) and expenditure on medical care (especially public expenditure) contributed to …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005828594

The Output Contributions of Computer Equipment and Personnel: A Firm- Level Analysis

Lichtenberg, Frank - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1993

This paper examines the output contributions of capital and labor deployed in information systems (IS) at the firm level during the period 1988-91 throughout the business sector, using two different sources of data on these inputs. Our production function estimates suggest that there are...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005828845

The Effect of Changes in Drug Utilization on Labor Supply and Per Capita Output

Lichtenberg, Frank - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

We hypothesize that pharmaceutical-embodied technical progress increases per capita output via its effect on labor supply (the employment rate and hours worked per employed person). We examine the effect of changes in both the average quantity and average vintage (FDA approval year) of drugs...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005775072