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Entry and Patenting in the Software Industry

Cockburn, Iain M.; MacGarvie, Megan - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006

To what extent are firms kept out of a market by patents covering related technologies? Do patents held by potential entrants make it easier to enter markets? We estimate the empirical relationship between market entry and patents for 27 narrowly defined categories of software products during...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005720371

University Research, Industrial R&D, and the Anchor Tenant Hypothesis

Agrawal, Ajay K.; Cockburn, Iain M. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

innovation system,' and these appear to vary markedly in their ability to convert local academic research into local commercial … innovation. We develop and test the hypothesis that the presence of a large, local, R&D-intensive firm an anchor tenant' enhances … the productivity of local innovation systems by making local university research more likely to be absorbed by and to …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005718229

Scale, Scope and Spillovers: The Determinants of Research Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Cockburn, Iain M.; Henderson, Rebecca - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 1993

This paper presents the results of a study of the determinants of research productivity in the pharmaceutical industry. Using disaggregated, internal firm data at the research program level from ten major pharmaceutical companies, we find no evidence of increasing returns to scale at either the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005829793

Are All Patent Examiners Equal? The Impact of Examiner Characteristics

Cockburn, Iain M.; Kortum, Samuel; Stern, Scott - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002

Building on insights gained from interviewing administrators and patent examiners at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), we collect and analyze a novel dataset on patent examiners and patent outcomes. This dataset is based on 182 patents for which the Court of Appeals for the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005777515

Public & Private Spillovers, Location and the Productivity of Pharmaceutical Research

Kyle, Margaret K.; Cockburn, Iain M.; Furman, Jeffrey L.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006

While there is widespread agreement among economists and management scholars that knowledge spillovers exist and have important economic consequences, researchers know substantially less about the "micro mechanisms" of spillovers -- about the degree to which they are geographically localized,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778773

Empirical Studies of Innovation in the Knowledge Driven Economy

Hall, Bronwyn H; MAIRESSE, Jacques - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006

innovation and knowledge management and their impact on performance at the firm level for a number of countries. These studies … have been conducted using data drawn from innovation surveys combined with data from a number of other sources. The issue … illustrates the value of these surveys in improving our understanding of innovation in firms and raises a number of questions for …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005050393

Measuring the Returns to R&D

Hall, Bronwyn H; MAIRESSE, Jacques; Mohnen, Pierre - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009

We review the econometric literature on measuring the returns to R&D. The theoretical frameworks that have been used are outlined, followed by an extensive discussion of measurement and econometric issues that arise when estimating the models. We then provide a series of tables summarizing the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008624599

Under the Thumb of History? Political Institutions and the Scope for Action

Duflo, Esther; Banerjee, Abhijit - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014

This paper discusses the two leading views of history and political institutions. For some scholars, institutions are mainly products of historical logic, while for others, accidents, leaders, and decisions have a significant impact. We argue that while there is clear evidence that history...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010951199

Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya

Duflo, Esther; Kremer, Michael; Dupas, Pascaline - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008

To the extent that students benefit from high-achieving peers, tracking will help strong students and hurt weak ones. However, all students may benefit if tracking allows teachers to present material at a more appropriate level. Lower-achieving pupils are particularly likely to benefit from...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005248909

Women's Empowerment and Economic Development

Duflo, Esther - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011

Women's empowerment and economic development are closely related: in one direction, development alone can play a major role in driving down inequality between men and women; in the other direction, empowering women may benefit development. Does this imply that pushing just one of these two...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009403418