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Young (2005) argues that HIV related population declines reinforced by the fertility response to the epidemic will lead to higher capital-labor ratios and to higher per capita incomes in the affected countries of Africa. Using household level data on fertility from South Africa and relying on...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008635943
The historical pattern of the demographic transition suggests that fertility declines follow mortality declines, followed by a rise in human capital accumulation and economic growth. The HIV/AIDS epidemic threatens to reverse this path. A recent paper by Young (2005), however, suggests that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005718403
We examine the role of changing mortality in explaining the rise of retirement over the course of the 20th century. We construct a model in which individuals make labor/leisure choices over their lifetimes subject to uncertainty about their date of death. In an environment in which mortality is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005575704
Using country- and region-level data, I investigate the effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility in Africa during 1985-2000. Results differ depending on the variation used and the estimation method. Between estimates that exploit cross-sectional variation suggest a positive significant effect of HIV/AIDS...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004991972
New data compel a new view of events in the labor market during a recession. Unemployment rises almost entirely because … finding from new data is that a large fraction of workers departing jobs move to new jobs without intervening unemployment. I …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005014930
consistent with increasing inequality in every country, growth in residual wage inequality, rising unemployment, and reallocation … within and between industries. While the opening of trade yields welfare gains, unemployment and inequality within sectors … nonmonotonic effects on unemployment and inequality within sectors. As aggregate unemployment and inequality have within- and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005720079
Some workers bargain with prospective employers before accepting a job. Others could bargain, but find it undesirable, because their right to bargain has induced a sufficiently favorable offer, which they accept. Yet others perceive that they cannot bargain over pay; they regard the posted wage...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005829126
rigidities and trade impediments in shaping welfare, trade flows, productivity, price levels and unemployment rates. We show that … patterns of unemployment. Specifically, trade integration -- which benefits both countries -- may raise their rates of … unemployment. Moreover, differences in rates of unemployment do not necessarily reflect differences in labor market rigidities; the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005829591
market frictions. We characterize the distributions of employment, unemployment, wages and income within and between sectors … as a function of structural parameters. We find that greater firm heterogeneity increases unemployment, wage inequality … frictions have non-monotonic effects on aggregate unemployment and inequality through within- and between-sector components …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005774821
outside labor market, including especially unemployment, may be irrelevant. The job-seeker's threat point in the bargain is to … otherwise adopts all of the features of the standard Mortensen-Pissarides model, unemployment is much more sensitive to changes …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005004699