key to understanding modern social development is understanding the transition from limited to open access social orders …

This paper studies the policy determinants of economic transition and estimates the demand for labor in the infant …

While output declined in virtually all transition economies in the initial years, the speed and extent of the recovery … conditions, external factors, and reform strategies. This paper summarizes the macroeconomic performance of the transition … exogenous factors and the macroeconomic and structural policies adopted by the countries. We find that both stabilization …

During the 1990s, Russia underwent an extraordinary transformation from a communist dictatorship to a multi … partner. Yet a consensus in the US circa 2000 viewed Russia as a disastrous and threatening failure, and the 1990s as a decade … this perception and the facts. In contrast to the common image, by the late 1990s Russia had become a typical middle …

present in China, but not in Russia. Transition in China has taken place under the tight control of the communist party. As a … both the risk of local capture and the scope of competition for rents. By contrast, transition in Russia has come with the …In China, local governments have actively contributed to the growth of new firms. In Russia, local governments have …

feudal elite; withdrew its hand with a propitious mass privatization that rallied the private sector; marginalized an …