occupations "hollowed out": the share of "middle-skill" jobs - artisans - declined while those of "high-skill" - white collar, non …-production workers - and "low-skill" - operatives and laborers increased. De-skilling did not occur in the aggregate economy; rather, the … aggregate shares of low skill jobs decreased, middle skill jobs remained steady, and high skill jobs expanded from 1850 to the …

We revisit the minimum wage-employment debate, which is as old as the Department of Labor. In particular, we assess new … heterogeneity and conclude that minimum wages in the United States have not reduced employment. We explore the ability of these … effects, with teen employment elasticities near −0.3. We conclude that the evidence still shows that minimum wages pose a …

women. We compare the marriage, childbearing, school enrollment and employment decisions of women who gain greater access to …

A central issue in estimating the employment effects of minimum wages is the appropriate comparison group for states … geographically proximate and fails to control for changes in low-skill labor markets that are correlated with minimum wage increases …. They argue that using "local controls" establishes that higher minimum wages do not reduce employment of less …

Even before the Great Recession, U.S. employment growth was unimpressive. Between 2000 and 2007, the economy gave back … the considerable gains in employment rates it had achieved during the 1990s, with major contractions in manufacturing … employment being a prime contributor to the slump. The U.S. employment "sag" of the 2000s is widely recognized but poorly …

entrepreneurs in new firm creation. Using city-industry variation over four decades, we estimate the employment - wage elasticity to … local population is associated with a proportional increase in employment. These results provide indirect information about …

growth. At the same time, some credits appear to generate hiring without increasing employment or to generate much more … hiring than net employment growth, consistent with these credits leading to churning of employees that raises the costs of …