policies aiming to increase maternal employment and those maximizing the choices available to families with young children …

that the average child under six years of age lives in a family that spends 4.9 percent of after-tax income on day care …. However, this conceals wide variation: 63 percent of such children reside in families with no child care expenses and 10 …

grades, and have behavioral problems than are children raised in more traditional family structures. But these relationships …One-third of children in the United States are born to unmarried parents. A substantial number of black and Hispanic … children live with a never-married mother. Children of never-married mothers are more likely to drop out of high school, repeat …

Past estimates of the effect of family income on child development have often been plagued by endogeneity and … measurement error. In this paper, we use an instrumental variables strategy to estimate the causal effect of income on children … (EITC) over the last two decades. The largest of these changes increased family income by as much as 20%, or approximately …

This study provides the first comprehensive estimates of children and youth working under conditions that violate … findings make a case for the development of high-quality employment data on children and youths, to improve estimates of …

examine how California's first in the nation paid family leave (PFL) program affected leave-taking by mothers following … weekly work hours of employed mothers of one-to-three year-old children by 6 to 9% and that their wage incomes may have risen …

caused an increase in mother's time spent at home after birth, without a reduction in family income. Our second set of … empirical results reveals the expansions had little effect on a wide variety of outcomes, including children's school outcomes … is regressive in the sense that eligible mothers have higher family incomes compared to ineligible mothers or childless …