Frazzini, Andrea; Pedersen, Lasse Heje - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
Many financial instruments are designed with embedded leverage such as options and leveraged exchange traded funds …-embedded-leverage securities and short high-embedded-leverage securities earns large abnormal returns, with t-statistics of 8.6 for equity options …, 6.3 for index options, and 2.5 for ETFs. We provide extensive robustness tests and discuss the broader implications of …