function of patent characteristics, university policy, and inventor fields in order to examine the extent to which outside …

innovation. After identifying pervasive market failures in innovation, it explains why those associated with the Nordic model may … be particularly conducive to innovation, and demonstrates that, in general, the optimal policies of the leader should … industrial policies, public investments, and systems of social protection), not only leading to more innovation, but ensuring …

the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have …Members of a patent pool agree to use a set of patents as if they were jointly owned by all members and license them as … a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce …

The pace of innovation is related both to the level of investment in innovation and the pool of knowledge from which … and design of IPR affects the extent to which any innovation adds to or subtracts from the pool of ideas that are … lead to a lower pace of innovation, and more generally, that long run effects may be the opposite of the short run effects. …

information about cooperative licensing and the timing of patent allowances (the administrative event when patent rights are … significantly increases after patent allowance. Moreover, the impact of the patent system depends on the strategic and institutional … environment in which firms operate. Patent allowance seems to play a particularly important role for technologies with longer …

This paper studies how patent rights and price regulation affect how fast new drugs are launched in different countries … duration and content of patent and price control regimes. Price regulation strongly delays launch, while longer and more … extensive patent protection accelerates it. Health policy institutions, and economic and demographic factors that make markets …

A large literature asserts that standard essential patents (SEPs) allow their owners to “hold up” innovation by … innovation in SEP-reliant industries. We find no empirical support for either prediction. Indeed, SEP-reliant industries have the …

Data availability is arguably the greatest impediment to advancing the science of science and innovation policy and … very flexible sources of data for serious research on many issues in the study of organizations in innovation systems in …