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The Effects of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotion on Adverse Drug Events and Regulation
Markowitz, Sara; David, Guy; Richards, Seth - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009
This paper analyzes the relationship between postmarketing promotional activity and reporting of adverse drug events by modeling the interaction between a welfare maximizing regulator (the FDA) and a profit maximizing firm. In our analysis demand is sensitive to both promotion and regulatory...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005828657
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Assessing Consumer Gains from a Drug Price Control Policy in the U.S.
Santerre, Rexford; Vernon, John A. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2005
pharmaceuticals in the U.S. The estimated demand curve is then used to simulate the value of consumer surplus gains from a drug price …. Recent research on the value of pharmaceuticals suggests that the social benefits of a new drug may be far greater than this …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778618
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Black Box Warnings and Drug Safety: Examining the Determinants and Timing of FDA Warning Labels
Begosh, Allan; Goldsmith, John; Hass, Ed; Lutter, Randall W. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2006
Comparing the safety of prescription drugs over time is difficult due to the paucity of reliable quantitative measures of drug safety. Both the academic literature and popular press have focused on drug withdrawals as a proxy for breakdowns in the drug safety system. This metric, however, is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005575064
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Bank-Based or Market-Based Financial Systems: Which is Better?
Levine, Ross - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002
For over a century, economists and policy makers have debated the relative merits of bank-based versus market-based financial systems. Recent research, however, argues that classifying countries as bank-based or market is not a very fruitful way to distinguish financial systems. This paper...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005828896
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Bankruptcy and Small Firms' Access to Credit
Berkowitz, Jeremy; White, Michelle J. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2002
In this paper, we investigate how personal bankruptcy law affects small firms' access to credit. When a firm is unincorporated, its debts are personal liabilities of the firm's owner, so that lending to the firm is legally equivalent to lending to its owner. If the firm fails, the owner has an...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005830676
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Regulation and Distrust
Algan, Yann; Cahuc, Pierre; Shleifer, Andrei; Aghion, … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009
In a cross-section of countries, government regulation is strongly negatively correlated with social capital. We … document this correlation, and present a model explaining it. In the model, distrust creates public demand for regulation …, while regulation in turn discourages social capital accumulation, leading to multiple equilibria. A key implication of the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005830828
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Freedom to Trade and the Competitive Process
Edlin, Aaron; Farrell, Joseph - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
Although antitrust courts sometimes stress the competitive process, they have not deeply explored what that process is. Inspired by the theory of the core, we explore the idea that the competitive process is the process of sellers and buyers forming improving coalitions. Much of antitrust can be...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008855525
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Family Values and the Regulation of Labor
Alesina, Alberto; Algan, Yann; Cahuc, Pierre; Giuliano, … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
labor markets, even though regulation generates lower employment and income. Empirically, we do find that individuals who … for labor market regulation. Both results suggest that labor market regulations have deep cultural roots. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008610953
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Evidence of Regulatory Arbitrage in Cross-Border Mergers of Banks in the EU
Kane, Edward J.; Carbo-Valverde, Santiago; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009
Banks are in the business of taking calculated risks. Expanding the geographic footprint of an organization's profit-making activities changes the geographic pattern of its exposure to loss in ways that are hard for regulators and supervisors to observe. This paper tests and confirms the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008622323
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Deals versus Rules: Policy Implementation Uncertainty and Why Firms Hate It
Hallward-Driemeier, Mary; Pritchett, Lant; Khun-Jush, Gita - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
Firms in Africa report "regulatory and economic policy uncertainty" as a top constraint to their growth. We argue that often firms in Africa do not cope with policy rules, rather they face deals; firm-specific policy actions that can be influenced by firm actions (e.g. bribes) and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008627129