the social benefits of their innovations if innovation is to be suitably rewarded and encouraged. However, this paper … deadweight loss associated with the patent system and discourage innovation by others. Economic efficiency is promoted if rewards … the patent system designed to spur innovation by better aligning the rewards and contributions of patent holders …

innovation. After identifying pervasive market failures in innovation, it explains why those associated with the Nordic model may … be particularly conducive to innovation, and demonstrates that, in general, the optimal policies of the leader should … industrial policies, public investments, and systems of social protection), not only leading to more innovation, but ensuring …

the evaluations were done at the recipient (firm) level using data from innovation surveys, industrial surveys, and …&D intensity. In addition, participation in TDF induces a more proactive attitude of beneficiary firms towards innovation …

a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have … discouraged patenting and innovation, in particular for the members of the pool. Data on stitches per minute, as an objectively …

Evidence on the "funding gap" for investment innovation is surveyed. The focus is on financial market reasons for …