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Understanding the Mechanisms through Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes
Heckman, James J.; Pinto, Rodrigo; Savelyev, Peter A. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
A growing literature establishes that high quality early childhood interventions targeted toward disadvantaged children have substantial impacts on later life outcomes. Little is known about the mechanisms producing these impacts. This paper uses longitudinal data on cognitive and personality...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010785594
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The Risk of Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure at End of Life
Skinner, Jonathan; Marshall, Samuel; McGarry, Kathleen M. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
There is conflicting evidence on the importance of out-of-pocket medical expenditures as a risk to financial security, particularly at older ages. We revisit this question, focusing on health care spending near the end of life using data from the Health and Retirement Study for the years...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008627137
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In-State versus Out-of State Students: The Divergence of Interest between Public Universities and State Governments
Groen, Jeffrey A.; White, Michelle J. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2003
This paper examines the divergence of interest between universities and state governments concerning standards for admitting in-state versus out-of-state students. States have an interest in using universities to attract and retain high ability individuals because they pay higher taxes and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778303
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Lead Policy and Academic Performance: Insights from Massachusetts
Reyes, Jessica Wolpaw - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
is conducted at the school-cohort level for children born between 1991 and 2000 and attending 3rd and 4th grades between … childhood adversely impact standardized test performance, even when controlling for community and school characteristics. The …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010564030
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Lead Exposure and Behavior: Effects on Antisocial and Risky Behavior among Children and Adolescents
Reyes, Jessica Wolpaw - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
It is well known that exposure to lead has numerous adverse effects on behavior and development. Using data on two cohorts of children from the NLSY, this paper investigates the effect of early childhood lead exposure on behavior problems from childhood through early adulthood. I find large...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010885304
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Constitutional Rights and Education: An International Comparative Study
Edwards, Sebastian; Marin, Alvaro Garcia - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
We investigate whether the inclusion of social rights in political constitutions affects social performance. More specifically, we analyze whether including the right to education in the constitution has been related to better "educational outcomes." We rely on data for 61 countries that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010951366
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Environmental Policy as Social Policy? The Impact of Childhood Lead Exposure on Crime
Reyes, Jessica Wolpaw - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2007
Childhood lead exposure can lead to psychological deficits that are strongly associated with aggressive and criminal behavior. In the late 1970s in the United States, lead was removed from gasoline under the Clean Air Act. Using the sharp state-specific reductions in lead exposure resulting from...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005710259
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The New Market for Federal Judicial Law Clerks
Avery, Christopher N.; Posner, Richard A.; Roth, Alvin; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2007
law school for positions commencing approximately two years down the road. In the new hiring regime for federal judicial … the fall of the third year of law school. Using the same general methodology as we employed in a study of the market for … market back to the third year of law school is highly valued by judges, but we also find that a strong majority of the judges …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005778760
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Who Benefits from Tax-Advantaged Employee Benefits?: Evidence from University Parking
Oyer, Paul; Grubb, Michael D. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2008
We use university parking permits to study how firms and employees split the value of employee benefit tax subsidies. Starting in 1998, the IRS allowed employees to pay for parking passes with pre-tax income. This subsidized the parking pass purchases of faculty and staff, but did not affect...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005575175
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Elections and the Quality of Public Officials: Evidence from U.S. State Courts
Snyder, James M. Snyder, Jr.; Lim, Claire S.H. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2012
We investigate the influence of electoral rules and voter information in elections on voting outcomes and the quality of public officials, using new data on state court judge elections in 39 states in the U.S. from 1990 to 2010. We find, first, that voting is very partisan in partisan judicial...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010951100