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Intellectual Property Rights, the Pool of Knowledge, and Innovation
Stiglitz, Joseph E. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
The pace of innovation is related both to the level of investment in innovation and the pool of knowledge from which innovators can draw. Both of these are endogenous: Investments in innovations are affected by the pool of knowledge and the ability of firms to appropriate the returns to their...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010821990
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The Effects of Research & Development Funding On Scientific Productivity: Academic Chemistry, 1990-2009
Rosenbloom, Joshua L.; Ginther, Donna K.; Juhl, Ted; … - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
This article examines the relationship between Research & Development (R&D) funding and the production of knowledge by academic chemists. Using articles published, either raw counts or adjusted for quality, we find a strong, positive causal effect of funding on knowledge production. This effect...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950830
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Patents and the Global Diffusion of New Drugs
Cockburn, Iain M.; Lanjouw, Jean O.; Schankerman, Mark - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
This paper studies how patent rights and price regulation affect how fast new drugs are launched in different countries … duration and content of patent and price control regimes. Price regulation strongly delays launch, while longer and more … extensive patent protection accelerates it. Health policy institutions, and economic and demographic factors that make markets …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950846
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Leaders and Followers: Perspectives on the Nordic Model and the Economics of Innovation
Stiglitz, Joseph E. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2014
This paper is an exercise in comparative institutional analysis, asking what kinds of arrangements most facilitate innovation. After identifying pervasive market failures in innovation, it explains why those associated with the Nordic model may be particularly conducive to innovation, and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010950953
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An Empirical Examination of Patent Hold-up
Galetovic, Alexander; Levine, Ross; Haber, Stephen - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2015
A large literature asserts that standard essential patents (SEPs) allow their owners to “hold up” innovation by charging fees that exceed their incremental contribution to a final product. We evaluate two central, interrelated predictions of this SEP hold-up hypothesis: (1) SEP-reliant...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011252669
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Do Patent Pools Encourage Innovation? Evidence from the 19th-Century Sewing Machine Industry
Moser, Petra; Lampe, Ryan L. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2009
Members of a patent pool agree to use a set of patents as if they were jointly owned by all members and license them as … the first patent pool in U.S. history, the Sewing Machine Combination (1856-1877) to perform the first empirical test of … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005025643
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Communitywide Database Designs for Tracking Innovation Impact: COMETS, STARS and Nanobank
Zucker, Lynne; Darby, Michael R.; Fong, Jason - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2011
Data availability is arguably the greatest impediment to advancing the science of science and innovation policy and practice (SciSIPP). This paper describes the contents, methodology and use of the public online COMETS (Connecting Outcome Measures in Entrepreneurship Technology and Science)...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009294555
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University-Industry Spillovers, Government Funding, and Industrial Consulting
Jensen, Richard; Thursby, Jerry; Thursby, Marie C. - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
This paper presents a theoretical model of faculty consulting in the context of government and industry funding for research within the university, which then frames an empirical analysis of the funding and consulting of 458 individual faculty inventors from 8 major US universities. In the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008631121
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Implications for Energy Innovation from the chemical industry
Arora, Ashish; Gambardella, Alfonso - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2010
The history of innovation in the chemical industry offers many insights for accelerating energy innovation. In this chapter, we begin by laying out the early history of the chemical industry for an overview of the role innovation has played in its development. We then explore three noteworthy...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008631696
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Patent Reform: Aligning Reward and Contribution
Shapiro, Carl - National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) - 2007
identifies a number of specific fact patterns under which the current U.S. patent system allows patent holders to capture private … deadweight loss associated with the patent system and discourage innovation by others. Economic efficiency is promoted if rewards … to patent holders are aligned with and do not exceed their social contributions. This paper analyzes two major reforms to …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005777810