Tyumeneva, Yulia; Valdman, Alena; Carnoy, Martin - National Research University Higher School of Economics - 2014
knowledge transfer to out-of-subject contexts. We use data from TIMSS mathematics (8 grade) and PISA mathematics to evaluate the …. Building off previous discussions of TIMSS and PISA test differences, we consider TIMSS performance as the mastery level of … school mathematics, and PISA performance as the ability to transfer learned math to an out-of-subject context. The sample …