to a one percentage point increase in the ratio of immigrants over native workers. While many studies in our sample …

diffusion of innovation activity, and the spatial selectivity of immigrants' location choices, we take account of spatial … level of immigrants (proxied by global regions of origin) also affects patent applications. In contrast, an increasing share … immigrants from different backgrounds is a more important driving force for innovation than the sheer size of the immigrant …

dissipate through adjustment processes such as factor mobility. However, this is ultimately an empirical issue. In this paper we …

’ of the decline in native-born employment following a 1 percent increase in the number of immigrants is a mere 0 …

local labour market is in close proximity of other labour markets, a local shock that increases unemployment may not lead to … lower pay rates if employers fear outward migration of their workers. Hence, the unemployment elasticity of pay will be …