Conventional measures of unemployment do not capture all dimensions of joblessness. A case in point is underemployment … among employed workers, also frequently referred to as parttime unemployment. Workers in this category are employed during a … survey week but are unable to work as many hours as they wish. An ILO-resolution from 1998 defines underemployment as …

severe and prolonged macroeconomic shock affects wage rigidity and unemployment. Our second survey was conducted in 1998 …, when the unemployment rate was much higher, and the inflation rate much lower, than when we conducted the first survey in … 1991. We find no evidence that the increase in unemployment has softened the mechanisms generating wage rigidity. On the …

This paper studies effects of unemployment and labour market programmes on real wages in the Czech and Slovak Republics … using district paneldata for the period 1992-1998. Clear wage exists in both countries. The estimated unemployment …

employment status affects both the level and the persistence of unemployment and numerically that these effects are substantial … exp lain the high and persistent European unemployment. …

increases in youth unemployment and youth participation in active labour market programs. …

hence the benefits of a reform. It also increases unemployment variability, which increases the precautionary benefits of a …

The common view that far-reaching labour market deregulation is the only remedy for high European unemployment is too …