We review the empirical literature that estimates the causal effect of parent’s schooling on child’s schooling, and …

period covering high as well as low unemployment years. We find that strong social ties (parents) are an important … the role of weak ties (neighbors or friends as measured using classmates and their parents). On the hiring side, by … contrast, the effects are larger if the parent’s position is “strong” (e.g. by tenure or wage). We find no evidence of …