affected by quality of governance - in particular by the presence of high-grade institutions delivering services enhancing …

punishment threats. We find that punishment coupled with monitoring was effective in reducing corruption. Estimating the … heterogeneous impact for students of different ability, poverty status, and gender, we show that fighting corruption led to …

institutions where an autocratic post-colonial ruler faces a basic trade-off between stronger property rights, which increases his … modern sector will rationally install weak institutions of private property, a prediction which we argue is well in line with …

and indirectly. Several studies have shown that the indirect effect typically works via institutions like corruption. In … of windfalls and provide some new empirical evidence of the association between aid/natural resources and institutions in … a large cross-section of countries. Our results suggest that whereas more aid means less corruption, natural resource …

This paper investigates the hypothesis that the association between property rights institutions and income is weaker … the perceived inclusiveness of institutions, social divisions should then weaken the observed association between property … rights institutions and income. The empirical results support this hypothesis, and highlight the importance of evaluating …

traditional deterrence variables, but systematically violate the regulation and use bribes to avoid punishment. <p> …