This study analyses the stringency of EU environmental regulations. Contrary to the proposition of an economic -trading up- of standards, the positive theory of environmental federalism which is developed allows for an examination of political mechanisms and the effects of regulation. Empirical...

Guaranteeing energy security is one of the most important challenges for Europe today. Especially since the crises in Ukraine, Europe's interest in an additional supply line of gas and oil to Europe through Turkey has been growing steadily. In both political and academic discourse the question...