The basic problem in poverty measurement is how to weigh the income of different groups. This is a normative problem on … plurality. In the paper, we suggest an approach to poverty measurement which avoids incorporating any particular normative … position on how to weigh the interests of various poor groups, but rather reports on changes in poverty by making explicit the …

We evaluate the costs of three different programs for alleviating long term poverty: (i) workfare, or grants made … compare them with the corresponding conditions for short term poverty alleviation. We find that the arguments for using work … requirements are both strenghtened and weakened with long term poverty. We also find that as the fraction of really needy persons …