The paper focuses on how localised external, economies of scale created by knowledge spillovers, encourage industrial agglomeration and cause uneven technological development internationally.

Applying a newly developed CGE-model, we present scenarios for the future economic geography of Europe. The model divides the world into ten regions, of which five are European, and there are 14 industries, of which 12 are imperfectly competitive. With a complete input-output structure, the...

The paper uses a full-scale CGE-model -calibrated on 1992 data- to investigate the effects of European integration on the location of industrial production. Our results reveal large differences among individual industries.

In the last two decades we have witnessed a rapid increase in foreign direct investment (FDI). Simultaneously, there has been a process of economic integration between countries, bringing down costs of trade. At first sight, the increased importance of FDI seems paradoxical; we would expect...

Relationships between prices of goods have held interest within economics in at least two areas - market integration and product aggregation. There is a close relationship between market integration and aggregation, although this has not received much attention in the more recent literature....

Distinguishing between national and international infrastructure, this paper investigates how differences in infrastructure quality may affect the location of firms between countries. The paper employs a model which is particularly well suited for the less-developed-country (LDC) context. The...

In a sample that contains annual prices of 39 selected commodities in Britain and Germany in the period 1850 to 1913 substantial evidence of well integrated commodity markets is found. The degree of integration is not universal across markets and varies over time, however. Absolute price...

The first part of this article gives a brief overview of the main problems facing the developing countries in the present international trading system, and reviews the debate on import substitution vs. export promotion. Towards this background the main part of the article discusses South-South...