stemming from near-port shipping activities, the handling of the goods in the ports and from the distribution of the goods to …While efficient ports are vital to the economic development of their surrounding areas, the related ship traffic, the … handling of the goods in the ports and the hinterland distribution can cause a number of negative environmental impacts. This …

, the implications of developments in liner shipping for ports, excess capacity and potential implications for competition … liner shipping. It discusses the main developments and competition issues in the sector, namely, regulation in different … countries, the role of liner shipping consortia and strategic alliances, the trend towards horizontal and vertical integration …