One of the alternatives to traditional command-and-control regulation is the use of marketable permits and obligations. Based on the growing record of actual performance of these instruments, this paper provides practical insights into difficult design, implementation, and management issues. It...

The Public Management Occasional Papers are specialised reports prepared for the work of the OECD's Public Management Committee. This publication focuses on the reform strategies used in Portugal. The success or failure of reforms depends largely on how the questions of "how to start" and "how...

Public administration has entered a new age. In the 1980s, “less” government was the prevailing idea; in the 1990s and early 21st century, “New Public Management” was the dominant theme. Today, public administration is moving in new directions. Reforms are focusing on the quality of...