Using Russian data, it is showт that different assessment techniques of cathing-up development lead to opposite conclusions: according to current PPPs we have seen the cathing-up in per capita GDP during 1990-2012 period, but according to constant PPPs – we have not. It is argued that current...

This paper examines effects of the formation of physical and human capital on the growth of labour productivity, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and wages in China, incorporating the market reform factors such as ownership shifts, population policy, openness and fiscal expenditures on education....