Abstract This article is a part of a twin study. Drawing on the available evidence, in this paper the author examines the cost of compliance with Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures for poor countries with reference to Africa. He shows that the burden of cost of compliance is entirely on...

This paper is using statistical approach to measure health cost and to understand the pattern of health expenditure in Indonesia by utilizing raw data from Susenas and IFLS. From the Susenas data it was found that most households use their own income to finance health expenditure, rather than by...

The movement of many countries towards knowledge-based economic development requires the transition to more effective skill formation systems. This paper proposes an institutionalist approach to national skills development systems in the advancement towards knowledge-based economic development....

Deme et al. (2005, DFN) present a general equilibrium model for the case of Lesotho with a rising step skill acquisition function. DFN show that only a large amount of government expenditure on education, training and skill acquisition can pull the economy out of its inertia. As a comment on...

This article traces the evolution of knowledge-based economic development in the Arab World. In pursuing this objective, many countries in the region have made large state-driven human capital investments with the goals of job creation, economic integration, economic diversification,...

Despite numerous studies on production inputs, such labour and capital, there is still a lack of systematic analysis on the crucial interaction between the human resources (HR) and physical resources (PR) in the process of economic development. Thus, the current paper aims to describe how these...

Economic development presumes not only the existence of formal institutions such as property rights and the rule of law under which behave economic agents, but also certain norms or social values that promote exchange, savings and investments. In this context, we discuss cultural dimension of...

This paper provides a simple development mechanism for African nations, where economic development is low due to not only low level of physical capital but also poor social capital that leads to lot of conflicts. The study suggests for development of social capital, which is a broader concept...