Most of the developing countries are facing the problem of high population growth, which is causing numerous social and economic problems. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in most of developing countries stands higher than the developed countries (UNPD, 2000). The TFR in Pakistan was 7.0 in...

This paper provides new evidence on the consequences of foetal exposure to high levels of pollution for the risk of stillbirth, and for the long-term health and labour market outcomes of those that survive. Variation in in utero exposure comes from a persistent weather system that affected...