In an era of globalization and rapidly changing technology, the nature of work and skills required is also rapidly changing, and it calls for an urgent need to redefine the types of skills considered in public policy. Technology is reshaping the demand for skills by reducing the value of skills...

From the Coronavirus (COVID) pandemic to the war in Ukraine, the world and Georgia are experiencing more uncertainty and accelerating disruption. As a small open economy looking to integrate with the global economy, Georgia must carefully navigate these trends by being prepared for the risks and...

This Approach Paper considers the role of public finance to build, protect and utilize human capital as countries seek to recover from the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis and lay a foundation for inclusive, resilient and sustainable development. The paper defines the problem in relation to human...

This note assesses pre-university education in Kosovo and identifies policies that can improve education quality and equity. There is a substantial need for improvement to the foundations of the education system, especially in terms of coverage and quality. If Kosovo is to reap the benefits of...

This book explores the premise that coding is an essential 21st century skill required for all. Learning of coding does not merely mean learn the syntax, grammar and usage of a specific computer language like Python or Ruby, but the deeper concept of computational thinking. It is possible to...

Human capital is a central determinant of economic well-being and social advancement in the modern world economy. The concept of human capital covers the knowledge, skills, nutrition, and health that people accumulate over their lives, enabling them to realize their potential as productive...

Several key policy documents guiding the broader education sector to align with European Union (EU) standards have recently been adopted in Serbia. However, a range of challenges have made it difficult for new policies and the systems they propose to be implemented. The gap between policy...

Human capital "the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lives and that enable them to realize their potential as productive members of society" is an important contributor to the wealth of all nations regardless of their income status. A child born in Armenia today...

Human capital is the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lives and that enable them to realize their potential as productive members of society is an important contributor to the wealth of all nations regardless of income status. While Azerbaijan has achieved...

Human capital is the stock of accumulated knowledge, experience, and attributes that workers bring to and use in the production of goods and services in an economy. Investing in people through quality healthcare, education, social services, and job opportunities develops human capital, which is...