in most cases either banks value the risk of their portfolio higher than the outcome generated by the BIS-risk weighting … commercial banks face a downward pressure on their capital ratios due to an intensified competition. Finally, capital regulation …

existence of a bank lending channel implies that banks with liquid and less liquid balance sheets, and large and small banks … extent also in Italy. On the one hand, banks in France and Italy seem to have faced liquidity constraints during the sample …