Gross domestic product (GDP) is the standard measure of the value added created through the production of goods and services in a country during a certain period. As such, it also measures the income earned from that production, or the total amount spent on final goods and services (less...

Leading indicators comprise the composite leading indicator (CLI) and standardised business and consumer confidence indicators. They provide qualitative information useful for monitoring the current economic situation and advance warning of turning points in economic activity.

Monetary aggregates are the money circulating in an economy to satisfy its current monetary needs. There are two indicators for monetary aggregates collected by the OECD: "narrow money" (M1); a means of exchange and "broad money" (M3); a way to store value. Monetary aggregates are measured as a...

Nominal gross domestic product (GDP) is GDP given in current prices, without adjustment for inflation. Current price estimates of GDP are obtained by expressing values of all goods and services produced in the current reporting period. Forecast is based on an assessment of the economic climate...

Ohne eine aktive Zivilgesellschaft bleibt jede wirtschaftliche Entwicklung auf halbem Wege stecken. Entscheidend dabei ist es, Mechanismen des Dialogs zu entwickeln, damit der Staat die Anliegen von Bürgern, Konsumenten und Unternehmen versteht. Darin lauern aber auch die Gefahren, insbesondere...

This handbook is a practical manual on the design and implementation of business tendency surveys, which ask company managers about the current situation of their business and about their plans and expectations for the future. In this book, the OECD draws on over 20 years of experience to...