This paper explores the health financing challenges that countries face when they transition from low-income towards middle-income level and beyond. While domestic actors bear an increasing share of the national health expenditure in this process, the transition is not automatic nor necessarily...

Health resources includes financial resources (health spending) and human resources. Health spending measures the consumption of health services and goods, including outpatient care, hospital care, long-term care, pharmaceuticals and other medical goods, prevention and public health services,...

This comprehensive review of Turkey's health care system shows that health status has improved rapidly in Turkey in recent decades, partly as a result of higher health spending. It describes the introduction of an ambitious Health Transformation Program in 2003 which brought universal health...