This paper was prepared as a background note for a discussion held at the 2015 OECD Global Forum on Competition on serial offenders. It explored why some industries seem prone to endemic collusion and others don't.

This paper discusses some of the challenges algorithms present for both competition law enforcement and market regulation. In particular, the paper addresses the question of whether antitrust agencies should revise the traditional concepts of agreement and tacit collusion for antitrust purposes,...

This paper discusses some of the complementarities and trade-offs that the fight against collusion and corruption present to policy makers. It illustrates with examples from Latin America. It was prepared as background material for the session "Improving Effective Public Procurement: Fighting...

This paper provides a brief overview of the pro- and anti-competitive effects of vertical restraints as identified in the literature and case practice and discusses how pro-competitive effects or efficiencies are analysed and assessed within different legal and economic assessment frameworks....

This paper defines conglomerate mergers, setting out the reasons why firms engage in them and lays out the classical theories of harm associated with tying and bundling. It also describes how these theories have been adapted to digital markets, highlighting some of the key efficiencies stemming...

Competition authorities have developed various tools to detect cartels and substantiate the basis for opening investigations. Ex officio investigations, meaning investigations initiated by the authorities themselves, are derived from detection tools that require a higher level of proactivity...

The OECD Competition Committee debated oligopolies in 1999. This document includes an executive summary, an analytical note by the OECD and submissions from Australia, Canada, the European Commission, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden,...

The use of tradable permit systems for the protection of the environment is attracting growing interest in many countries and on the international scene. While the United States’ practice has been extensively analysed, relatively little is known of experiments in other countries. This book...

Oil, coal and natural gas will remain the world’s dominant sources of energy over the next decades, with resulting carbon dioxide emissions set to increase to unsustainable levels. However, technologies that help reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuels can reverse this trend. CO2 capture and...

The search for cost-effective environmental policy measures has led to an increase in the use of tradeable permit systems. This publication offers valuable lessons for applying tradeable permits and provides links between policy evaluation and policy making general. It is for government...