This paper discusses the extent to which, and how, government subsidies could be part of the competition analysis by competition authorities. For this, it identifies the potential competition concerns of subsidies – predominantly “deep pockets” and potential subsequent predation – and...

This paper categorises four different types of monopoly over which competition for-the-market might occur, explains the practice of governments granting concessionary rights to firms, and identifies that the design of the processes for awarding such rights is commonly used to facilitate...

Recent global developments, and a number of serious crises, have led to large government interventions in many jurisdictions, driving a debate on whether there is a need to rethink the role of industrial policy in modern economies. This paper explores how to use industrial policy and make it...

Ports and cities are historically strongly linked, but the link between port and city growth has become weaker. Economic benefits often spill over to other regions, whereas negative impacts are localised in the port-city. How can ports regain their role as drivers of urban economic growth and...

Since 2000, the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been growing at an annual rate of between 8%-9%, making it one of the ten highest performing economies in the world. Kazakhstan alone attracts more foreign direct investment than all other Central Asian countries together. To date, the...

This paper was prepared as a background note for a discussion held in June 2014 by the OECD Competition Committee on Airline Competition with the aim of examining the main competition issues in the sector and how competition enforcement authorities have been dealing with them.