To contribute to the existing pool of evidence on the dynamic interplay between illicit trade and armed conflicts, this report looks at illicit trade flows in four separate conflict-affected countries in the MENA region: Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen. For the case of Yemen, the report also...

Foreword -- Executive Summary -- Setting the scene -- The regional and international context -- Public environmental expenditure trends -- Budget planning and management practices -- Budget planning and management practices in the environmental sector -- Major findings and recommendations --...