With 25 years of sluggish economic growth, Japan’s per capita income has fallen from a level matching the average of the top half of OECD countries in the early 1990s to 14% below that today. Weak growth, together with rapid population ageing, has driven public debt into uncharted territory....

For the first time, the IEA has reviewed the energy policies of the European Union which shape the energy use of almost 500 million citizens in 27 EU member countries. A unique entity governed under complex and almost constantly evolving structures, the EU constitutes a challenge for energy...

This dataset is a subset of the Revenue Statistics datavase which contains data on VAT own resources of the European communities, and Customs duties collected on behalf of the European Union, for 19 member countries of the European Union. Data comprises the years 1975 and above and is measured...

This dataset is a subset of the Revenue Statistics datavase which contains data on VAT own resources of the European communities, and Customs duties collected on behalf of the European Union, for 19 member countries of the European Union. Data comprises the years 1975 and above and is measured...

The path towards Arab and Euro-Mediterranean integration is challenging for all countries involved but the potential long term benefits are substantial. Multilateral trade initiatives which run parallel to "open" regional integration with the European Union and among Arab states can generate...

Peer reviews of competition law and policy are a valuable tool to reform and strengthen a country’s competition framework. This peer review of the Eurasian Economic Union presents assesses its competition law and policy.